|
''Aureoboletus mirabilis'', commonly known as the admirable bolete, the bragger's bolete, and the velvet top, is an edible species of fungus in the Boletaceae mushroom family. The fruit body has several characteristics with which it may be identified: a dark reddish-brown cap; yellow to greenish-yellow pores on the undersurface of the cap; and a reddish-brown stem with long narrow reticulations. ''Aureoboletus mirabilis'' is found in coniferous forests along the Pacific Coast of North America, and in Asia. Unusual for boletes, ''A. mirabilis'' sometimes appears to fruit on the wood or woody debris of Hemlock, suggesting a saprobic lifestyle. Despite occasional appearances to the contrary, ''Aureoboletus mirabilis'' is mycorrhizal, and forms close mutualistic associations with hemlock roots. ==Taxonomy and phylogeny== ''Aureoboletus mirabilis'' was first described by American mycologist William Alphonso Murrill in 1912 as ''Ceriomyces mirabilis'', based on specimens found in Seattle, Washington.〔 In a subsequent publication that same year, he switched the genus to ''Boletus''.〔 In 1940, fungal taxonomist Rolf Singer transferred the taxon to the genus ''Xerocomus'';〔 five years later he switched it to ''Boletellus''.〔 However, many mycologists did not recognize the distinction between ''Boletus'' and ''Boletellus'' before molecular phylogenetics studies found them to be distinct genera. In 1966, American mycologist Harry Delbert Thiers wrote about the issue in his survey of California boletes: "The proper disposition of this species in the present taxonomic scheme of the boletes is somewhat debatable. ... The distinction between ''Boletus'' and ''Boletellus'' is not so clear-cut. The spores are typically smooth which, in conjunction with the divergent tube trama, dry to moist pileus and yellow tubes, seem to place it very convincingly in ''Boletus''. However, the present disposition in ''Boletellus'' seems most satisfactory to me. The sporocarps have the stature and general appearance of other members of that genus such as ''Boletellus russellii'' and ''B. ananas'' (Curt.) Murr. These similarities include the disproportionately long stipe which is frequently shaggy-reticulate and constricted at the apex, and a comparatively small pileus."〔 Nine years later, after further consideration, Thiers changed his mind: "In an earlier paper this species was considered to belong to the genus ''Boletellus'' because of its stature, general appearance, and because some workers had reported the spores as being obscurely punctate or roughened. Repeated examinations of California material have failed to reveal any roughened spores and since, in modern concepts ''Boletellus'' is restricted to species having such spores, it was been placed back in ''Boletus''."〔The species has also been placed in genus ''Heimioporus'', newly described in 2004 by Swiss mycologist Egon Horak.〔〔 In 2015 it was transferred to the genus ''Aureoboletus'' based on DNA evidence.〔 The specific epithet ''mirabilis'' means "admirable" or "marvelous".〔 ''Aureoboletus mirabilis'' is commonly known as the "admirable bolete",〔 the "bragger's bolete",〔 and the "velvet top".〔 In a 2001 analysis of ribosomal DNA sequences for a number of taxa in the Boletales order, ''A. mirabilis'' was found to be most closely related to species such as ''Boletus edulis'', ''Phylloporus rhodoxanthus'', and ''Tylopilus felleus''. Within the Boletales clade (a group of related species roughly equivalent to the Boletales order), these species were all in the so-called "boletoid radiation", a group of taxa that are thought to have diverged evolutionarily from a single boletoid ancestor.〔 However, more recent studies containing more taxa have found ''A. mirabilis'' to be most closely related to ''Aureoboletus'' species.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Aureoboletus mirabilis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|